What does health equity refer to?

Health equity refers to the attainment of the highest level of health for all people, emphasizing a fair and just opportunity for everyone to achieve their optimal health. This concept goes beyond merely providing equal access to medical services; it acknowledges that various social, economic, and environmental factors affect individuals' health outcomes. Achieving health equity means addressing and overcoming barriers to health that some groups face due to their socioeconomic conditions, geographic locations, or other aspects of their identity.

In contrast to other options, equal access to medical services does not necessarily guarantee that health disparities will be addressed; people may still experience varying health outcomes based on underlying factors. Prevention of diseases and reduction of healthcare costs focus on specific health interventions and economic aspects, respectively, rather than the broader objective of ensuring that all individuals can reach their full health potential. Therefore, health equity is ultimately about creating a fair system that enables all people, regardless of their circumstances, to achieve the best possible health outcomes.